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Gilles de Roberval

French mathematician (–)

Gilles Personne de Roberval (August 10, – October 27, ), Frenchmathematician, was born at Roberval near Beauvais, France. His name was originally Gilles Personne or Gilles Personier, with Roberval the place of his birth.^[1]

Biography

Like René Descartes, he was present at the Siege of La Rochelle in In the same year he went to Paris, and in he was appointed the philosophy chair at Gervais College, Paris.

In ,^[2] he was also made the chair of mathematics at the Royal College of France. A condition of tenure attached to this particular chair was that the holder (Roberval, in this case) would propose mathematical questions for solution, and should resign in favour of any person who solved them better than himself.

Notwithstanding this, Roberval was able to keep the chair until his death.

Roberval was one of those mathematicians who, just before the invention of the infinitesimal calculus, occupied their attention with problems which are only soluble, or can be most easily solved, by some method involving limits or infinitesimals, which would today be solved by calculus.

He worked on the quadrature of surfaces and the cubature of solids, which he accomplished, in some of the simpler cases, by an original method which he called the "Method of Indivisibles"; but he lost much of the credit of the discovery as he kept his method for his own use, while Bonaventura Cavalieri published a similar method which he independently invented.

Another of Roberval’s discoveries was a very general method of drawing tangents, by considering a curve as described by a moving point whose motion is the resultant of several simpler motions.^[4] He also discovered a method of deriving one curve from another, by means of which finite areas can be obtained equal to the areas between certain curves and their asymptotes.

Biography of albert einstein summary He traveled widely through France teaching mathematics and meeting many important mathematicians. He developed new methods of integration, and did foundational work on kinematic geometry. He also studied cartography and did experimental work on vacuums. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. January 12,

To these curves, which were also applied to effect some quadratures, Evangelista Torricelli gave the name "Robervallian lines."^[5]

Between Roberval and René Descartes there existed a feeling of ill-will,^[6]^[7] owing to the jealousy aroused in the mind of the former by the criticism that Descartes offered to some of the methods employed by him and by Pierre de Fermat; and this led him to criticize and oppose the analytical methods that Descartes introduced into geometry about this time.

As results of Roberval’s labours outside of pure mathematics may be noted a work on the system of the universe, in which he supports the Copernican heliocentric system and attributes a mutual attraction to all particles of matter and also the invention of a special kind of balance, the Roberval Balance.

Works

Traité de Mécanique des Poids Soutenus par des Puissances sur des Plans Inclinés à l’Horizontale ().
Le Système du Monde d’après Aristarque de Samos ().
Divers Ouvrages de M.

de Roberval ().

References

^Walker, Helen M (). "An Unpublished Hydraulic Experiment of Roberval, ". Osiris. 1: doi/ S2CID&#;
^"Liste historique des chaires du Collège de France (In english: List of historic chairs at the College of France)"(PDF).
^Wolfson, Paul R (). "The Crooked Made Straight: Roberval and Newton on Tangents".
Biography of thomas alva edison: Gilles Personne de Roberval (August 10, – October 27, ), French mathematician, was born at Roberval near Beauvais, France. His name was originally Gilles Personne or Gilles Personier, with Roberval the place of his birth.
The American Mathematical Monthly. (3): – doi/ JSTOR&#;
^"ROBERVALLIAN Lines, a name given to certain lines used for the transformation of figures; thus called from their inventor Roberval, an eminent French mathematician, who died in , aged seventy-six. The abbe Gallois, in the Memoirs of the Royal Academy, , observes that the method of transforming figures, explained at the latter end of Roberval's Treatise of Indivisibles, was the same with that afterwards published by James Gregory, in his Geometria Universalis, and also by Barrow in his Lectiones Geometricæ; and that, by a letter of Torricelli, it appears that Roberval was the inventor of this manner of transforming figures, by means of certain lines, which Torricelli therefore called Robervallian lines." — The London Encyclopaedia, Thomas Curtis (ed.), Vol.

XVIII. London: Thomas Tegg, , p.
^Jullien, Vincent (). "Descartes-Roberval, une Relation Tumultueuse".
Gilles de roberval biography of albert einstein Gilles Personne de Roberval, a French mathematician, was born Aug. Roberval was also one of the original 7 members of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris, which was founded in When Pascal and Roberval in heard about the new Italian barometric experiments of Evangelista Torricelli , Pascal repeated the experiments by filling a glass tube with mercury and inverting it in a bowl of mercury, at which point the mercury fell in the tube to a level of 30 inches, leaving an empty space at the top. Pascal claimed this space was truly empty, a vacuum. Roberval responded with an ingenious experiment in which he placed a deflated fish bladder in the tube before adding the mercury.
Revue d'Histoire des Sciences. 51 (2/3): – doi/rhs
^Grayling, A.C. (). Descartes: The Life of Rene Decartes and Its Place in His Times. New York: Simon and Schuster, p.

Sources

&#;This article&#;incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:&#;Chisholm, Hugh, ed.

(). "Roberval, Gilles Personne de". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol.&#;23 (11th&#;ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp.&#;–
Mitchell, U. G. ().
Gilles de roberval biography of albert einstein scientist
View one larger picture. The obvious question one might ask at this point is why Gilles Roberval's father was not named Roberval. The reason is that Gilles Roberval was named Gilles Personne and this was the name under which he was known for at least the first twenty-five years of his life, only adding the "de Roberval" after Pierre and Jeanne Personne were of humble origins, living in the village of Roberval, about 50 km north and a bit east of Paris. They worked on the land but probably were well enough off to lead a comfortable life.
"Review: A Study of the Traité des Indivisibles of Gilles Persone de Roberval, by Evelyn Walker". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 33 (9): – doi/S
Auger, Léon (). Un Savant Méconnu, Gilles Personne de Roberval.
Biography of thomas alva edison
Gilles de roberval biography of albert einstein in english
Biography of albert einstein pdf

Paris: Librairie Scientifique A. Blanchard.^[1]

Cousin, Victor (). "Roberval Philosophe,"Journal des Savants, pp.&#;–

Biography of albert einstein pdf

Gilles de Roberval

Biography

Works

References

Sources

Gilles de roberval biography of albert einstein scientist

Further reading

External links